SATA and PATA Port

These ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) ports are use for connect Hard Dive, CD ROM or DVD ROM.

Parallel ATA Ports are used in old Motherboards and IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) and PATA port are introduced as Parallel ATA. Parallel Data transmission technology is used for in these Parallel ATA port.  This  Ports are introduced in 1986.  However this ports are used in old motherboard. IDE port have 40 pins.



These ATA Ports are developed.  Old ATA ports and new ATA ports are different in speed. 8.33 Mbps speed in ATA 1 port and 133 mbps speed in ATA 7 and ATA 7 ports are using today.  two IDE ports are used in Pentium IV Motherboards, but some Motherboard have only one IDE port and IDE ports are not using in today new motherboards.

PATA (IDE) Ports

Pentium IV motherboards have two IDE ports. Two IDE ports are introduced as IDE 1, IDE 2. IDE 1 is show as Primary and IDE 2 is show as Secondary. Hard Disk, CD Drive and DVD Drive are connect to these port by using IDE cable. We can connect two device for one IDE cable, because we can connect four device for motherboard.

 

ATA Cables

These IDE cables are longer 10-18 inch. These data Cables are have 3 connectors. 40-80 wires have in this cables. But 80 wires cables is speed more than 40 wires. 

SATA Port

We can use SATA port for connection Hard Disk, CD ROM and DVD ROM. These SATA port was introduced in 2003.In thes port data are tranfer as serially.

 IDE port hase 40 pins  but SATA port hase only 07 pins. Because, SATA port is smaller than IDE port. But SATA port is speed more than IDE port. 1.5 Gbps in SATA 1.0 port and 3 Gbps in SATA 2.0 port and 9 Gbps in SATA 3.0 port. SATA 3.0 port is using in mew motherboards.

SATA Cable

We can connect many devices to SATA port by SATA cable. Always motherboard have four SATA ports.
We can get lot of advantage as, 

• speed more than IDE cables, 
• smaller than IDE cable, 
• have only 7 pins for connect divides

Hard Disk

Hard Disk is a Secondary Memory. Operating System and other all files are stored in the hard disk.

Our all data save in drive platters. Drive Platters are main part of hard disk. These drive platters are  rotate with 60-7200 round per one minute and  this is rotating data read by Arrow head.Our data store in Sectors and tracks. Now new Hard Disk are using a Cover to protect Drive Platters by dust and waste.

Store Data In Hard Disk

Data are store in tracks and sectors in the drive platters. Track are, curricle rounds created in the drive platter and sectors are on the these tracks. Data store in the these tracks. Data are read by head. Always hard disk have more than 3 dive platters and some hard disk have 6 drive platters, they are high in capacity and high in price, but some are have only 2 drive platters. .Data can store in 2 side in the drive platters. these sectors are located parallel in all drive platters. Capacity of hard disk is can bee increase by increasing the  numbers  of sectors and tracks.

Speed of Hard Disk

Speed of Hard Disk mean, Speed of data reading and data receiving. Speed is measure by Mbps unit. If the speed is high in rotating per minute, alway increase the speed of receiving data and reading data. These dive platters are rotating by the special motor and speed of rotating is introduce as RPM (rounds per minute). Always new hard disk are rotate 7200 round per meter( 7200 rpm).

Capacity of Hard Disk.

80GB hard disk are always used in Pentium IV computers. But today computer using hard disk more than 160GB. We can buy Hard disk in referent capacity's as 160GB, 320GB, 500GB, 1TB AND 2TB.

Places can Connect a Hard Disk

Hard Disk is connect to motherboard by using a Data Cable. Hard Disk is should bee connect to IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) port  or  SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) post. But IDE Ports are used in old motherboards and SATA port always use to connect hard disk and CD/DVD dives in new computers.Data are travel as parallel in IDE cables. But using a SATA cable to connect hard disk is advantage, because it is speed more than IDE cables.

• IDE Port And IDE Cable

• SATA Port And SATA Cable

Cache Memory In Hard Disk

This was installed in new hard disk. Processor need to get tom information form the hard disk and that data's are store in in the cache memory and hard disk is find and store next need data for give data quickly.That is impotent to speed.

Deferent RAM Slot

All motherboards have a RAM slot. We need to plug our RAM module to this RAM Slot. We can identify RAM slot as a SIMM slot, DIMM slot and RIMM slot.

SIMM Slot

SIMM (single in-line memory module) slot was introduced as first RAM Slot in the world. Now SIMM slots are SIMM RAM are not using. 30 pins have in the first RAM Slot and then introduced a 73 pin RAM and 72 Pin Slots. These RAM and RAM slots are used in Pentium I motherboards or motherboards old more that Pentium I.

DIMM Slote

DIMM (Dual in-line memory module) slots was introduced after SIMM slots. We categorize these DIMM slots in to fout categorize as SD, DDR, DDR2, DDR3.

• SD RAM SLOT

This was introduced with DIMM technology. These SD RAM slots are include with 168 pins.  We can see SD RAM Slots in some old computers. These RAM slots are special more than other RAM, because these RAM slot have two notch.

• DDR RAM SLOTS

These DDR slots was can bee seen in Pentium IV computers and some AMD computes. These RAM slots have 184 pins. These RAM slots and SD RAM slots are equal in size.  But SD RAM slots have only 1 notch. It was not correctly located at center. DDR slots are alway end in black color.

• DDR2 RAM SLOTS

Some tims DDR3 RAM slots are can bee seen in new computers. These RAM slots have 240 pins. This RAM slots was alway used in Pentium IV, Itel Core 2 Duo and Intel Core 2 Quad. Some tims we can see DDR2 RAM slots in AMD Motherboards. 

• DDR3 RAM SLOTS

A;way, these DDR3 slots are used in new computers. SD RAM slots and DDR3 RAM slots are equal. These DDR3 RAM slots haw 240 pins and this have only 1 notch.

RIMM RAM SLOT

RIMM (Ram-bus in-line memory module) was not famous like DIMM RAM slots, but we can see these RIMM RAM slots in some Motherboards. RIMM RAM slots are include with 168 pins. RIMM slots and DIMM slots are equal i size. 

RAM (Random Access Memory)

We can Categorize Memory Device as Primary Memory and Secondary Memory. RAM and ROM are example for primary memory and Hard Dick, Floppy Dick, CD and DVD are example for Secondary Memory.The Purpose of RAM is store data for temporarily. We plug this RAM to RAM Slot in the Motherboard.

Dynamic RAM

Dynamic RAM price is lower more than Static RAM. Can, Store Data for short time.  Data is alway update, when data strong long time. Data can bee erase when stop updating data or stop current supply.

Static Memory

Static RAM are high on price ore than Dynamic RAM and static RAM are speed more than Daynamic RAM. Can store data for long time without updating data and need current supply for store data. Static RAM are use for Cache Memory.

"3101" RAM is a first RAM, it was introduced on 1969. 64bit is a capacity of this RAM.this RAM was created in Static RAM technology. 1102 and 1103 RAM was creted on 1970-1971. it was a Dynamic RAM. 1103 was has a 1kb capacity.

Non Using,Old RAM Modules.

These RAM Modules are can't use with new softwares. New applications can't run with old RAM. Because they are not using today.

• DIP CHIP

These chips have 16 pins. These chips need big area in motherboard. because these chips need to plug other by other.

• 30 PIN SIPP

This 30 PIN SIPP module was introduced after dDIP Chips.  This was 30 pin SIPP introduced on 1980.  THIS SIPP(single inline plastic package) was need plug to 30 pin slot in the motherboard.

• 30 PIN SIMM

This 30 pin SIMM was introduced with 256MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 8GB and 16GB speeds. This SIMM(Single In-Line Memory Module) was introduced for 386 and 486 motherboards.

• 72 PIN SIMM

This SIMM have 72 pins. This was introduced for 486 and Pentium motherboards and this was introduced with, 1MB, 2MB,4MB, 8MB, 16MB,.32MB AND 128MB speeds.

Old RAM Modules

These follower modules are used in Pentium 2,3,4 and old AMD modules. But we can't buy these RAM Modules in today shops. Following informations are about old RAM modules.

• DIMM Module

However DIMM (dual in-line memory modules) are using today new computers.  These RAM Modules is 5.25 inch in width. This RAM Modules was alway used in Pentium 2 and Pentium 3 computers.

• DDR Module

This was introduced for Pentium IV computers and this was match for AMD RAM Modules. This was introduced in 32MB, 64MB, 128MB, 256, 512MB and 1GB speeds.

New RAM Modules

• DDR2

DDR2 and DDR3 RAM modules are very famous RAM modules. but DDR2 is now removing form useing. This was alway used in Pentium IV computes and also this is used in Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Qued. DDR2 modules are have new AMD motherboards and this was can buy in 256MB, 512MB and 1GB in speeds.

• DDR3

 This was introduced 1GB, 2GB and4GB speeds. However we can't plug DDR3 RAM to DRR2 Slot or DDR2 to DDR3 slot.

Alway, we can see two RAM slot in new Motherboards. but some peoples are plug two 4GB RAM to Windows 7 32 bit Computes. But Windows 7 32bit can to get only 3GB RAM. Windows 7 can't get more than 3GB,  But we can use ultimate RAM Speeds with Windows 7 64 Bit Operating System and with  Windows 8 operating system.

Processor Socket

Processor Socket is a main socket in the Motherboard. We can find our type of motherboard by Processor Socket.

Using, Old Processors Sockets

We can't upgrade new processors to these old processors sockets. because, new processors are not Match with this processors sockets, when damaged to processor, we must  remove full Motherboard. Therefore Old processors and old motherboard (Old Processor Socket) are alway removing from the world. These old processors, Processor Socket and also processor are adding to Computer History.

• Slot 1

Intel Pentium II and Intel Pentium III processors are match with this processor socket and also Intel Celeron Processor is math with this processor socket.

• Slot 2

This processor socket alway used in Sever Computers. Intel Pentium II Xeon Processor is match with this socket.

• Slot A

AMD processor are not match with "Slot I" or "Slot II" Sockets. because "Slot A" is introduced for AMD Athlon Processor type.

• Socket 370

This socket have 370 pin numbers. Intel Pentium II, Itel Pentium III, Intel Celeron, VIA Cyrix III and VIA C3 all are match with this socket.

• Socket 462 / Socket A

This was introduced on  2000 and This was introduce for AMD Processors. This socket match with AMD Athlon, AMA Duron, AMD Athlon Xp, AMD Athlon Xp-M, AMD Athlon MP and also for AMD Sempron.

• Socket 423

This was introduced on 2000 year by Intel Company for Intel Pentium IV processor. This is famous processor socket.

• Socket 478 / Socket N

This processor socket is introduced for Pentium IV and Intel Celeron processes. This socket alway using Intel Pentium IV Computers.

• PAC418

This was introduced on 2001 year and this is processor socket create for Sever Computers. Intel Itanium processor is match with this socket.

• Socket 603

This was introduced on 2001. This socket create for Sever Computers. This Socket match with Intel Xecon processor.

• PAC611

This was introduced on 2002. This was introduced for sever computers and this socket is match with       Intel Itanium 2  processor.

• Socket 754

This socket was introduced on 2003 for AMD processors. AMD Athlon,64, AMD Sempron, AMD Turion 64 processors are match with this socket.

• Socket 939

This was introduced on 2004 as AMD processor socket. AMD Athlon 64, AMD Athlon 64 FX, AMD Opteron processors are match with this processor socket.

New Processor Sockets.

Now,these Processor Sockets are come with New Computers, New Motherboards.

• LGA 775

This was introduced in 2004 year. This is a first socket have LGA technology. Intel Pentium IV, Intel Pentium D, Intel Celeron, Intel Celeron D, Intel Pentium XE, Intel core 2 duo, Intel core 2 quad, Intel Xeon (With LGA Technology) are match with this.

• LGA 771

This was introduced in 2006, this processor socket is design for sever computers. Intel Xeon (LGA) processor is match for this socket.

• Socket AM2

This socket was introduced in 2006 and this is for PGA technology processors. AMD athlon 64, AMD athlon 64X32 ara match with this sockets.

• Socket AM2+

This socket was introduced on 2007 and this socket was create by using PGA technology. AMD Athlon 64X32 is match with this socket.

• Socket 441

This socket was introduced on 2008 special for Intel Atom Processor.

• LGA 1156

This was introduced on 2009.Intel Core i7(800 Series), Intel Core i5(700,600 series)Intel Core i3(500 series), Intel Xeon(X3400, L3400Series) , Intel Pentium (G6000 series),Intel Celeron(G1000 series) and also LGA 1366, Intel Core i7(900 series), Intel Xeon(35xx,36xx,55xx and 56xx series) processors are match with this LGA 1156 processor socket.

• Socket AM3

This was introduced on 2009 and this is AMD professor socket. AMD phenom II, AMD Athlon II,AMD Sempron processors aer match with this socket.

• Socket G34

This was introduced on 2010 by using LGA technology. AMD Semphenom II, AMD Athlon II, AMD Semphenom processor are match with this socket.

• LGA 1284

This was introduced on 2010 year for sever computers and Intel Itanium 9300 series, LGA 1567 and Intel Xeon 6500,7500 series processors are match for this LGA 1284 socket.

• LGA 1155

This was introduced in 2011 for Intel Sandy Birdge-DT processor.

• Socket FM1

This was introduced in 201 for AMD Processors. AMD Llano processor is match with this processor socket and  this was created by old, PGA technology.

However we can find this processor socket easily, because name of socket was mention near to this processor socket.

Processor

The Processor is the main part of the Computer. We celled as  "Brain of the Computer" for processor. Alway we identify Motherboard and Computer by name of the processor.

Intel, AMD, Motorola, Cyrix, are famous Processors Brands.

Processor is very important factor for the speed of computer. We can use "Mhz" to measure the speed of processors and we called "Clock Speed"  for the speed of processors.

Old Processors

Now we can't use this old processors, because we can't run new applications with this old processors. There for we must upgrade our processors to new one, to work with new applications and new operating systems. 

Processor              |               Year               |               Speed

• 4004             |1971                              |740 KHz
• 8086             |1978                              | 10 MHz
• 286               |1982                              | 12 MHz
• 386               |1985                              | 16 MHz
• 486               |1989                              | 26 MHz
• Pentium       |1993                              | 60 MHz
• Pentium II   |1997                              |233 MHz

Following processors are old processors, but it's using today. following processors are introduced after 1998.

• Pentium II 400 MHz Processor

This was introduced on April 1998 and 450 MHz was introduced on August month.

• Pentium III Processor

This was first introduced with 450 MHz speed on 1999 and the this processor was developed to  500 MHz, 533 MHz, 550MHz, 600 MHz, 650 MHz, 700 MHz, 733 MHz, 750 MHz, 800 MHz, 866 MHz, 1 GHz, 1.13 GHz, 1.2 GHz, 1.26 GHz, 1.33 GHz, 1.4 GHz.

• Pentium IV Processor

This was introduced on November 2000 with 1.3 GHz and this was developed to 1.4 GHz, 1.5 GHz,            1.6 GHz, 1.7 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 1.9 GHz, 2 GHz, 2.2 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 2.8GHz, 3 GHz, 3.2 GHz, 3.4GHz

• Pentium Dual-Core

Pentium dual-core (Pentium D) processor is a first Multi Core Processor in the Intel.This was introduced on May 2005 with 1.5 GHz. This processor was developed  and , it's released, but not famous.

New Processors 

• Pentium Dual-Core

This processor speed is more than 3.06 GHz

• Core 2 Duo

This is good more than Pentium Dual-Core in technologically.  First this was introduced in 1.6 GHz speed. but now it was developed to 3.33 GHz

• Core 2 Quad

This processor was introduced after the Core 2 Duo.  This processor is in Core processor category. This is first introduced in 2.13 GHz and now , this processor have 3 GHz speed.

• Intel Core i3

This is a very popular processor among computer users and this is used in lot of computers. This processor is very good for Normal users and we can get good performance to new operating systems and new applications. This processor is mostly using in Laptop Computers.

• Intel Core i5

This Processor is speed more than Intel Core i3 Processor. This is alway speed more than 2.5 Ghz. This is famous as Intel Core i3 Processor.

• Intel Core i7

This is very good for Multimedia Woks, as Computer games, HD Video Editing, Programing and etc. This is a new processor in Intel. Alway this processor is speed more than 2.8 GHz.

Main Parts of Processor

Processor can look in outlook as one Chip, but processor is collection of a chips. Following Part are main chips in Processor.

• Registers

Purpose of  this part is , processing data and store data of temporally own in processor.

• Cache Memory

Alway data receiving from the RAM, but speed of the RAM is not enough for the processor, because cache memory is used for store data for temporary.  Cache memory is store data and process and again data give for RAM. Cache memory is can categorize  as

1. Level 1 Cache
2. Level 2 Cache

• Control Unit

Purpose of this part is, control all the units of compute.

• Arithmetic and logic Unit (ALU)

This units is work with Arithmetic and Logics.

• Floating Point Unit.

This unit is use to slow difficult mathematics. These mathematics parts can't to solve with Arithmetic and Logic Unit.

• Instruction Unit

Arithmetic and Logic Unit , Floating Point Unit and Registers , Units are in this Instruction Unit.

• Input Output Management Unit

Purpose of this part is, Input Data --> Processing Data --> Output Data and Management